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瑪卡6大功效?瑪卡推薦怎麼吃最好?

邁入3字頭後,難免在工作、運動、床上表現上感到有心無力…「瑪卡Maca」被譽為祕魯人參,其獨特的營養成分:瑪卡烯(Macaenes)、瑪卡醯胺(Macamides)有助於改善男性勃起反應及增加生育能力。女生食用可幫助平衡雌激素,養顏美容。本文介紹4大挑選重點:讓你吃對瑪卡。男人雄風再起精氣足,女人青春貌美不衰老。

為什麼全世界男人都在吃瑪卡?

瑪卡(Maca) 學名 Lepidium meyenii,又稱作「秘魯人蔘」,原生於4000公尺高海拔安第斯山脈上,因成長環境險峻,早晚溫差近30度,以至於其根部需吸收大量礦物質及微量元素,來確保自身生長。

研究指出:瑪卡具獨特瑪卡烯(Macaenes)、瑪卡醯胺(Macamides) ,食用後,能刺激人體下視丘(Hypothalamus)及腦下垂體(Pituitary glan) ,分泌荷爾蒙,提高勃起反應[1]Dording CM, Fisher L, Papakostas G, Farabaugh A, Sonawalla S, Fava M, Mischoulon D. A double-blind, randomized, pilot dose-finding study of maca root (L. meyenii) for the management of SSRI-induced … Continue reading及增加生育能力[2]Gonzales GF, Córdova A, Vega K, Chung A, Villena A, Góñez C. Effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a root with aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing properties, on serum reproductive hormone levels in … Continue reading。因此瑪卡亦被稱作「天然壯陽聖品」一直是名列前茅男性補給品!

瑪卡有哪些功效?女人能吃嗎?

如果你認為瑪卡只有壯陽這個功效,可就太小看它了!  瑪卡營養價值很高,光是根部就富含10.2%蛋白質、59%醣類、2.2%脂肪酸、20種胺基酸、7種礦物質、8種維生素以及多醣體(Polysaccharida)、牛磺酸、生物鹼(alkaloids)等等活性成分。

《健康學堂》統整了以下大致功效:

  1. 增加性慾、改善男性勃起障礙 [3]增加男女性慾、改善勃起障礙
  2. 提升精子品質,幫助男性生育力 [4]Alcalde AM, Rabasa J. Does Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improve seminal quality? Andrologia. 2020 Nov;52(10):e13755. doi: 10.1111/and.13755. Epub 2020 Jul 12. PMID: 32654242.
  3. 擁有良好的睡眠品質 
  4. 增強運動耐力及體能 [5]Yu FR, Yang B, Li ZP, Lian XZ, Xie MR, Li DL, Zhang SS. [Effects of the maca extract on the ultrastructures of mitochondria in the spinal nerve cell and exercise endurance]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng … Continue reading
  5. 緩減更年期症狀、改善情緒焦慮 [6]Brooks NA, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, Ashton JF, Cox MB, Stojanovska L. Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women … Continue reading
  6. 防止皮膚光老化、對抗自由基 [7]Gonzales-Castañeda C, Gonzales GF. Hypocotyls of Lepidium meyenii (maca), a plant of the Peruvian highlands, prevent ultraviolet A-, B-, and C-induced skin damage in rats. Photodermatol Photoimmunol … Continue reading

如此看來,瑪卡可謂「男人的加站油;女人的美容院」

(延伸閱讀:男性不孕怎麼辦?如何提高精蟲數量&精蟲活動力?)

 黃、紅、紫、黑瑪卡,哪個最好?

市售瑪卡品質參差不齊,如何不被商業話術誤導,補到營養價值最高的瑪卡,這4大挑選要點,趕緊學起來!

1.顏色越深營養越高

生長海拔越高,瑪卡顏色就越深、也越稀有,因此才會有黃、紅、紫、深黑瑪卡之分。

2.依照需求選擇

那直接選擇深色瑪卡就好嗎?不見得!不同品種有著不同功效及優勢,建議依自身需求去選擇。

黃瑪卡

  • 抗氧化能力佳[8]Inoue N, Farfan C, Gonzales GF. Effect of butanolic fraction of yellow and black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on the sperm count of adult mice. Andrologia. 2016 Oct;48(8):915-21. doi: 10.1111/and.12679. … Continue reading
  • 味道溫和,價格便宜

紅瑪卡

  • 預防女性停經後骨質流失
  • 穩定情緒焦慮[9]Gonzales-Arimborgo C, Yupanqui I, Montero E, Alarcón-Yaquetto DE, Zevallos-Concha A, Caballero L, Gasco M, Zhao J, Khan IA, Gonzales GF. Acceptability, Safety, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of … Continue reading

黑瑪卡

  • 提高精液量與精子活力[10]Gonzales GF, Gonzales C, Gonzales-Castañeda C. Lepidium meyenii (Maca): a plant from the highlands of Peru–from tradition to science. Forsch Komplementmed. 2009 Dec;16(6):373-80. doi: … Continue reading
  • 增加運動體力與耐力
  • 降低及穩定血糖[11]Gonzales GF, Gonzales-Castañeda C, Gasco M. A mixture of extracts from Peruvian plants (black maca and yacon) improves sperm count and reduced glycemia in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. … Continue reading

3.選擇祕魯原產品種

普遍市售瑪卡多來自2大產地中國雲南和祕魯,雲南瑪卡是以人工播種在溫室大棚,待成苗後再移植至柔軟耕土,從種子發芽到成熟,只花了1-2年便倉促採收,密集的培育方式,嚴重受限了瑪卡所能吸取的營養,可想而知,雲南瑪卡的營養量可能遠低於預期。

祕魯原產瑪卡則採用近乎野生的耕植方式,並於每次收穫後,土地會停耕7年,才會再次耕種新瑪卡,為的就是確保土壤中的微量元素能豐沛充足。

4.劑量>2400mg才有效

引述2009年男性學術期刊 [12]2400毫克實驗結果研究得出了以下結論:

  • 每天食用至少2400毫克以上瑪卡
  • 需持續補充 8 -12周,才有顯著效果

哪些人不適合吃瑪卡,有何副作用?

瑪卡被當作食物已經有數千年歷史尚未發現人類食用後出現任何不良反應,安全性極高,不過目前沒有妊娠期間補充瑪卡之安全性的相關文獻,因此,建議孕婦、哺乳中的媽咪食用前先諮詢專業醫師;另外,瑪卡富含維生素K,請避免與抗凝血藥物並用。

「自己的健康自己守護,擁有正確知識是第一步」 ​最後,感謝你撥冗閱讀《健康學堂》我們下堂課見~

參考資料

參考資料
1 Dording CM, Fisher L, Papakostas G, Farabaugh A, Sonawalla S, Fava M, Mischoulon D. A double-blind, randomized, pilot dose-finding study of maca root (L. meyenii) for the management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2008 Fall;14(3):182-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00052.x. PMID: 18801111; PMCID: PMC6494062.
2 Gonzales GF, Córdova A, Vega K, Chung A, Villena A, Góñez C. Effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), a root with aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing properties, on serum reproductive hormone levels in adult healthy men. J Endocrinol. 2003 Jan;176(1):163-8. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1760163. PMID: 12525260.
3 增加男女性慾、改善勃起障礙
4 Alcalde AM, Rabasa J. Does Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improve seminal quality? Andrologia. 2020 Nov;52(10):e13755. doi: 10.1111/and.13755. Epub 2020 Jul 12. PMID: 32654242.
5 Yu FR, Yang B, Li ZP, Lian XZ, Xie MR, Li DL, Zhang SS. [Effects of the maca extract on the ultrastructures of mitochondria in the spinal nerve cell and exercise endurance]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Jun 8;33(6):535-538. Chinese. doi: 10.12047/j.cjap.5601.2017.127. PMID: 29931904.
6 Brooks NA, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, Ashton JF, Cox MB, Stojanovska L. Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen content. Menopause. 2008 Nov-Dec;15(6):1157-62. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181732953. PMID: 18784609.
7 Gonzales-Castañeda C, Gonzales GF. Hypocotyls of Lepidium meyenii (maca), a plant of the Peruvian highlands, prevent ultraviolet A-, B-, and C-induced skin damage in rats. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2008 Feb;24(1):24-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2008.00330.x. PMID: 18201354.
8 Inoue N, Farfan C, Gonzales GF. Effect of butanolic fraction of yellow and black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on the sperm count of adult mice. Andrologia. 2016 Oct;48(8):915-21. doi: 10.1111/and.12679. PMID: 27681648.
9 Gonzales-Arimborgo C, Yupanqui I, Montero E, Alarcón-Yaquetto DE, Zevallos-Concha A, Caballero L, Gasco M, Zhao J, Khan IA, Gonzales GF. Acceptability, Safety, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of Extracts of Black or Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) in Adult Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016 Aug 18;9(3):49. doi: 10.3390/ph9030049. PMID: 27548190; PMCID: PMC5039502.
10 Gonzales GF, Gonzales C, Gonzales-Castañeda C. Lepidium meyenii (Maca): a plant from the highlands of Peru–from tradition to science. Forsch Komplementmed. 2009 Dec;16(6):373-80. doi: 10.1159/000264618. Epub 2009 Dec 16. PMID: 20090350.
11 Gonzales GF, Gonzales-Castañeda C, Gasco M. A mixture of extracts from Peruvian plants (black maca and yacon) improves sperm count and reduced glycemia in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2013 Sep;23(7):509-18. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2013.785656. Epub 2013 Apr 29. PMID: 23489070.
12 2400毫克實驗結果